Use of Full Factorial Design in the Manufacture of Ceramic Materials Using Foundry Sand
Abstract
Amidst the urban expansion, the amount of industrial waste produced and discarded debris at landfills increases. The use of industrial waste in conjunction with raw materials to compose new resources is a possible ecofriendly destination – hence it lowers the production cost by using potentially economic material yet to be explored. This research uses two residues of industrial processes, moreover raw materials in the manufacture of ceramic materials. Absorption, linear retraction, and flexion tests fundament the analysis of the results. The full factorial design was used to establish the concentration of each material and the oven temperature. Secondly, the samples were made by following the Brazilian’s normative. The sequence used for the retraction test was to measure the pieces, submit them to the oven, and remeasure. More specifically, the samples were firstly weighed and put on the stove for 24 h to define the dry mass. Then the samples were submerged and heated to establish the wet mass to complete the absorption test. Lastly, the flexion test was executed, which consisted of submitting the pattern to the EMIC machine. As a result of the tests, the values were reliable (99–80%). The thickness results were not trustful (73%) due to a measuring error. In a general view, the results make it viable to use these residues in the ceramic materials as an eco-friendly destination. This research achieved its aims. The best combination was sample 6 with the following concentrations: 1000 ºC, 7,0 g of glass beads, and 2,0 g of foundry sand.