Customers express more and more willingness to consume sustainable products. This is often considered as a requirement by companies and therefore in their whole supply chains. To ensure an overall improvement of the supply chain environmental performance, the transition to 4.0 must encompass all the stakeholders involved. With a view that facilitates the determination of the required transformations of companies on the sustainability criteria, this article sets out to identify a strategy for optimizing the sustainability of the supply chain considering each stakeholder’s resources. Based on deductive research, we propose: 1) a methodology for defining a relevant strategy for 4.0 transition of a supply chain, 2) a qualitative model for assessing the maturity of companies and their entire supply chain, with a focus on the fields of the sustainability, characterizing the 4.0 transformation, 3) a decision-making tool, taking into consideration each stakeholder’s deviation from clients’ requirements, with a view to identifying and prioritizing the development strategy to be followed for a transition to a 4.0 supply chain.