The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) and the GDPR refer to the protection of personal data and personal identities. In the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) the term of personal data contains the protection of the physical, physiological, genetic, psychological, economic, cultural and social identities, Art. 4 para. 1 GDPR. This legal definition introduces the understanding of “identity” in a pluralistic sense. Thus, the notion of pluralistic and dynamic identities should be translated in a “privacy by design” mechanism. This notion of pluralistic identities would mirror a differentiated protection for personal identities based the right of informational self-determination, Art. 7, 8 CFR. Thus, the data subject should be enabled to develop the personal identity in an online-context in the same manner as it is done in an offline-context. This includes the opportunity for the data subject to control personal identities in their static “Idem-part” such as the name and their dynamic “Ipse-part” realized by the behavior (based on the philosophical theory by Ricœur). These parts of the personal identity should be visualized with a “dashboard” that allows the data subject to control and manage the personal identities. This “dashboard” should include an impartial technical mediator that embodies an effective, non-discriminatory and structured process. Such a technical mediator should be specified in an “identity management by design” mechanism based on Art. 25 GDPR in order to achieve an effective privacy protection in the era of Big Data.