In this paper, a solution for a cluster formation in cognitive radio networks is presented. The solution features a network-wide energy consumption model for these networks. The particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) have been transformed into our clustering problem. The obtained results show that the given hybrid AI system provides a good estimate of a cluster formation. Through extensive simulations, we observed that the PSO-LS-SVM method can be effectively used under various spectrum characteristics. Moreover, the formed clusters are reliable and stable in a dynamic frequency environment.